Joseph yates



2 sheetsheetl.

J.YATBS. Y APPARATUS FOR THB MANUFAG-TUTE 0F IRON'.

No. 41,806. Patented Man.- flz, 186.21;l v

' In Venier.'

' 2 sheetsfsvheetgj I n r/eizior.' ...y/@1M MMM/ u J. YATES.

lPatenti- &1Mau. l, 1864.

APPARATUS POR THE MANUPAGTUTE OP IRON.

A Wim rwww furnace which heretofore were liable to [with the bridge shan, by'a blast of an verberatory UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

JosEnH YA'rEs, or Mo'rr HAVEN," NEW Yonx.

IMPROVED APPARATUS Fo n THE MANUFACTURE or iRoN.-

I Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 41,806, dated March l, l864.

To a/ZZ whom it may concer-nl: A

Beit known thatv I, J osErH Yarns, of Mott Haven, in tlie county of Westchester and State ofNew York, have invented' certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces or Appara tus used in the Manufacture of Iron and in other A .Metallurgical Operations; and I herebyde- -smelting and refining process--is also applicable in general to such other metallurgical operations in which reverberatory furnaces are used; and the object of my invention'is to elevate the. temperature of furnaces without consuming a large quantity of fuel orfinereasing the blast, thereby effecting the operations in the furnace 1n less time than -they could -oth- Y erwise be effected; also, to preserve against deterioration such parts of the"reverbeliatory e destroyed by exposure to intense heat, necessitating'frequent stoppages for repairs, which in metallurgical operations is a fatal objection; and my invention consists, rst, in formi ing the hollow fire-bridge of cast-iron, and connecting the same, by means of au india-rubber or other hermetic joint located upon the outside of the furnace, with tubes or their equivalen't conveying the blast .of air to, through, and from the fire-bridge; secondly, in the comg bination of the hollow east-iron fire-bridge and tubes for conveying the blast to'and from the said bridge with intermediate hollow cast-iron side wall-pieces, so that the sides in contiguity through them, be kept cool and preserved from injury thirdly, in iron-casing that portion of .a refurnace which is above the sole by making the sole of cast-iron plate flanged to clasp the armor-plate, substantially as hereinafter more fully shown and explained; fourthly, in combining with a reverberatory furnace voperated by heated blast of air a reducing oven or apparatus so arranged relatively to each other that the flame and heated gases of the former shall be discharged into the latter at the temperature requisite for the reduction of the ore, substantially as hereinafter more particularly explained; iifthly, in forming in a furnace operated by a heated blast a doubjlc A reverberatory roof, -and in so combining the same with a reducing-oven that the contents of the latter may be discharged directly upon the sole of thefurnace under the reverberatory roof most distant from the fire, substau tially as hereinafter more fully explained.

A lthough this invention is applicable vto' any reverberatory'furnace, I shall confine myself to a description of an apparatus embodying' thereof as adapted tothe making of malleable or wrought iron directly from the principles the ore. Y

In the accompanying drawings, Figa-rel is a perspective View of the lwhole apparatus. Figs. 2, 3, 4 are sectional views according to planes indicated by the section-lines AB C D, and Fig. 5 is a detail view of the bridge and pipe connection. v

vIn said figures, A is aredueing-oven oon sisting of a series of chambers composed of vertical walls Vand horizontal or inclined tables, (called -reduei11gtab1es,) which intercom-- rnunicate in such manner that the heated gases or flame issuing from the furnace shall' pass under and over each table..." When the furnace is in operation, the tables are charged with a' mixture of powdered coal and ore, and ex-l posed to a high fluence of whichthe ore is duly reduced. Each table may be discharged through funnel:- shaped tubes directlyinto the furnace, and the mass of reduced ore collected on the sole thereof is worked by the operators until the requisite consistency is acquired, brought under the first reverberatory roofor arch, where itis converted into a bloom in the manner well known in iron-making. The whole apparatus' is supplied by a forced blast of air from afan delivered into the closed ashpit, so that the proper high. degree of teur perature may be speedily attained, and access of air other than'that blown into the furnace, and which in passing through the fire is freed of its oxygen, may be avoided.A

The reverberatory 'furnace as constructed consists of the usual grate of fire-bars separated by a brid e from the hearth, and theflame from the el passing over the bridge is deii'ected by the low arch above on the hearth,

and finally passes offthrough a chimney into the when it is arched roof, and

A ing` of the side in cast-iron tie-rods,` so' as to at its upper side toa frame jgravity to close it. the grateis thed'oor .to the ash-pit, -through p `which theashesarc from time to time removed. The fire-bars D are supported'bycross-bars E, "secured in the side walls; `f

' to adapt l g lterior surface of thefurnace. side united on'top and bottom by v and extend'vertical'ly from the hearth to a level y with the top of the iirebridge, and horizontally ldoor "I, Theouter plates are l f nearI the eztreme end toward the balling'door, and are connected with pipes descending along the side of the furnace, the one on the one side open air vor through dues into an oven or other apparatus in which the waste heatis utilized.

`In reverberatoryfurnaces in which an extended hearth .is usedsurmounted by'a doubleparticularly when worked under pressure, the heat and the volume'of gases accumulated in the furnace are such as to injuriouslyaifect its structure by causing the melting of'l the bridge andinteriorside .walls con-- tiguous therewith, and by bulging and burst- Y walls, notwithstanding of iron braces land ties. O'n the other hand, the great heatand `pressure 4in the furnace 'areonly obtained at great cost of fuel, a great amount of caloric being .absorbed bythe injection of coldA air upon the fuel. In my improved furnace I have provided against excessive dest-ructibili-v ty` byla method of constructing a reverberatory furnace, producing,4 with coal andy a blast of lair, theirequisite degree of heat without de-V stroying itself, and' produce a great saving of fuel by the employment of a heated blast of air. .'lhelfurnaeev shown in the,- accompanying drawingsehas many features-'in common with the ordinaryreverheratory' furnaces,v Its form, dimensions, and proportion-thc 'result ot many V'e: :periments-`have particular ,referp ence to furnacesin which thel particles of iron derived from ore N are united andwelded together to form abloom. i

reduced in a reducing-oven The fireplace Bis built Vof fire-brick, inease'd plates firm] y united-by bolts or asunder. In front at C is the fircfdoor, hinged 0f the Stoke-hole, to cause the Vdoor by its which'isso beveled as y At the sideandbelowl lThe which y separates' the :lireiirebrijdge,

` placeffrom the hearth, is supportedby-a wall of ordinary or refractorybrichand iscomposed of a castiron tube,- F, extending to the outside from front to rear of the furnace. With this hollow cast-iron fire-bridgeare com Qbined, by means of curved cast-iron` pipes or spherical. caps G, two pieces 'of side walls, H, made-hollow, of cast-iron, of such exterior forni the interior and exg These cast-ironA themselves to pieces are thus forinedof vertical exter; nally plane aud' v internally curved plates, horizontal plates,

from thelire-bridge to the working or balling perforatedjat or to be connected with a pipe leading from a fan'- blower, and' the other 'on the'opposite side to 'connect withl a ztuyere, `discharging its blast intothe closed ash-pit. tubes form a hermetic joint with, both the cast- The caps or curved `in front two openings prevent them from startingv fing in the end wall or a fire-plug,

'their equivalent iron bridge andside .wall-pieces bythe interposition between the flanges `ot' vulcanized india-rubber packing R.' The cold-blast,'it

will be understood, passes up theppe K, en'

ters the side piece at and is forced through 4the cap `G into and out of the fire-bridge, `then through the other cap, G', and the oppositcside piece down the ypipe M,and is'nally con'veyed 'to and discharged under the grate into theiire` place. By this arrangement fresh air is constantly supplied to the parts most-exposed to and heated air, on the other hand, is

suppliedl to the cold fuel.

The hearth N is made ,of one or more cast- 'iron plates having upright flanges at the sides ,which correspond to'the'front and rear of the furnace.. These cast-iroliplates extend-trans` verscly to the outside of `the furnace, and are supported-bya brick wall having air-holes O, 4provided with suitable doors for regulating the temperature underneath the hearth. The

interior side walls of the furnace are builtupou thelieartlrplate of fire-brick, and are incased in an armor of cast-'ironplates clamped at theirjunder sides bythe flanges of the` hearth-plate andv at the upper sides by tierods. By this arrangement the withstand considerable internal pressure withfurnace can out danger to the integrity ofthe structure. The side walls and armor of the furnace have provided with sliding doors,` which I' denominate, respeetively,the working-door4 and-'the hailing door. The arched and reverberatory roof, which is sprung from-one side wall to `the other,termi mates in ilueswhercby the furnace is connected with a reducing-oven, a-nd alhopper'or channel is so arrangedI in relation tothe furnace vandthe oven as that theftables may be discharged through it directly `into the furnace. This'hopper is provided with two sliding register-valves, whichare kept -shut ,during .the

intervalsof charge, and are opened when the charge is ready to be dropped. The frequent lburning outof a portion of the end wall, W,

of the furnace by the name eonstantlystriking it necessitates the frequent removal of some of thefirebrick and the insertion in their stead of fresh fire-brick. and without stoppages, I form asmall openund lll it with fire-brick which may 'be readily removed and replaced. l

Having new4 fully described', my invention and the manner inwhich the same is or may, be carried into effect, I shall `state my claims as follows:` y l 1. Forming -thehollow lire-bridge of castf iron, and connecting'the same by means'ofan' india-rubber or other hermetic joint located upon'theoutsidc of the furnace,with'tubes'or forconveying the blast 4of air to, through, and from the 1irebridge, subs tan tially as herein set forth.

2. The combination ofthehollow cast-iron lre-bridge and tubes for conveyingthe blst to and from said bridge with intermediatey hol- 'lo effect Vthis with ease 3. Iron-casingl that portion of a reverberatory furnace which is above the sole by making the sole of cast-iron plate flanged to claspv the armor-plate, substantiall y as herei nberre described.

f 4. Combining with a reverberatory furnace operated by heated blastof air a-rodueing.

oven or apparatus so arranged inaelation to eachother that the dame and heated gases ,fofgthefforxner shall be discharged' into the lat'- teratthe temperature requisite for the reduction of the ore, substantially as herein set forth. A l.

i.A Forming in a furnace operated by aheat- 'ed blast a double reverberatory roof, and so combining the same with a reduci-ngoven that thecontents of the'iattcr may be discharged 1 directly uponthe sole ofthe furnace under the reverberatory roof most distant from the fire,

substantially as set forth. v

In testimony whereof [have signed my name to this specification before two vsubscribingA i witnesses. I

JOSEPH'Fl YA TES. Vif'itnesses: l A. POL'LAK, I

O. BROWN. 

